Eczema, also known as dermatitis, is a recurring, non-infectious skin condition that causes inflammation, dryness and intense itch. Common signs include dry, itchy skin, redness, scaly rashes, or weeping lesions. These are often found on the elbows, knees, cheeks and limbs.
Here are some common types of eczema:
- Atopic dermatitis: A chronic, long-term condition, especially common in children. Many children outgrow this in their teens, but some will experience periodic flare-ups over the years.
- Contact dermatitis: Triggered when the skin comes into contact with an irritant or allergen.
- Dyshidrotic eczema: Small blisters on the palms, fingers or soles that can crack and hurt. Triggers include moist hands and feet.
- Seborrheic dermatitis: Characterised by scaly, inflamed patches on the scalp, face or chest.
Eczema often runs in families and is linked to asthma or allergic rhinitis. Environmental and lifestyle factors can trigger or worsen flare-ups. Some factors include:
- Weather extremes: extremely hot, humid or cold, dry conditions.
- Air-conditioning: prolonged exposure to cool, dry air.
- Allergens: dust mites, pollen, grass or pet dander.
- Irritants: harsh cleansers, detergents, chlorine or perfumes.
- Stress and hormones: emotional stress or hormonal changes.
- Certain foods: dairy, eggs, nuts, seafood or processed food additives.
Eczema cannot be cured, but flare-ups can be managed with proper skincare and lifestyle habits. Besides steroid creams and antihistamines, try to:
#1 Identify and avoid triggers
Note what causes your eczema to worsen, whether it is environmental allergens or stress. Allergy tests may also help pinpoint specific triggers. This will help you avoid aggravating the condition.
#2 Keep your skin moisturised
Apply a suitable moisturiser or emollient several times daily, especially after bathing to lock in moisture. Choose gentle, fragrance-free products designed for sensitive skin.
#3 Adopt gentle cleansing habits
During flare-ups, keep showers to within 10 to 15 minutes and use lukewarm water and mild, soap-free cleansers or bath oils. Avoid hot showers and harsh scrubbing.
#4 Protect your skin from extreme temperature changes
Sudden changes in humidity or temperature can irritate sensitive skin. Try to stay cool and towel off quickly after exercise.
#5 Manage stress
Emotional stress can trigger flare-ups. If you notice this is a trigger for yourself, practice deep breathing and mindfulness to help reduce tension during difficult periods.
