It’s normal for babies and toddlers to fall sick occasionally as their bodies grow and their immune systems mature. Understanding the common conditions they may encounter helps you manage the symptoms early and keep your little one comfortable.
Here are the most common ones to know about:
Colds are one of the most frequent childhood illnesses. They are caused by viruses that affect the upper respiratory tract. Typical symptoms include:
- Cough with or without phlegm
- Runny or blocked nose
- Sore throat
- Fever
Plenty of rest and fluids help your child recover as the immune system fights off the virus. Medicines may help relieve symptoms such as fever, congestion or cough. Supplements can also help build immunity to better fight off viruses. Speak to your GP or pharmacist for suitable child-friendly options.
Oral thrush is a yeast infection commonly seen in babies. It appears as white patches on the tongue or inner cheeks that cannot be easily wiped off.
Treatment usually includes an antifungal mouth gel and good oral hygiene. You can clean the baby’s mouth with a moist, soft cloth or rinse it with water after milk feeds. Also, avoid letting them sleep with bottles, as milk residue can accumulate in the mouth.
Teething can cause discomfort as new teeth push through the gums. Your baby may:
- Drool more
- Refuse feeds
- Have swollen or tender gums
- Want to bite objects
- Become more irritable
- Develop a low-grade fever
Cold teething toys, gentle gum massage or teething gels may help soothe discomfort.
Colic refers to episodes of intense crying in an otherwise healthy, well-fed baby, often at the same time each day. While the exact cause is unknown, food allergies or bloating may contribute.
As such, offering smaller, more frequent feeds and burping your baby after each feed may help. You can also speak to a pharmacist about medications that may relieve bloating.
Constipation can happen when a child has insufficient fluids or fibre, when there are changes to their milk formula or during transitions from breast milk to infant formula. It may also occur when starting solid foods. During these times, it helps to increase fluid intake.
Diarrhoea may be caused by infections or lactose intolerance, especially during formula changes. Because diarrhoea increases the risk of dehydration, ensure your child drinks enough fluids such as water or oral rehydration solutions.
Watch for signs of dehydration and seek medical care if these signs appear:
- Dry, cracked lips
- Dark urine or reduced urine output
- Dry skin with reduced elasticity
- Crying without tears appearing
- Sunken soft spot (fontanelle)
- Lethargy
Nappy rash is common and usually due to prolonged contact with urine or stool. Frequent diaper changes and using a protective nappy cream help protect your baby’s skin.
If nappy rash is left untreated and becomes a fungal infection, an antifungal cream may be needed.
Cradle cap appears as oily, scaly or crusty patches on the scalp. It is harmless and often improves with gentle care. Massaging a small amount of olive oil onto the scalp before shampooing can help loosen flakes.
HFMD occurs all year round in Singapore and spreads easily through saliva, nasal discharge, stool and fluid from blisters.
Common symptoms include:
- Fever
- Sore throat
- Mouth or throat ulcers
- Rashes or blisters on the hands, feet and diaper area
- Poor appetite
- Lethargy
- Vomiting or diarrhoea
There is no specific cure, but there are steps you can take to prevent the condition, and medications to relieve discomfort. If your child has HFMD, keep them at home until fully recovered and for at least one week from the onset of illness. Inform your child’s school so they can monitor the situation.
